Source: Ahrens, 2017, How to Take Smart Notes
### 1. Empty all inboxes
Process all fleeting notes and unprocessed literature notes.
- If a note is not worth developing - discard it.
- If it is - turn it into a **permanent note**. Unprocessed notes must not linger beyond a day or two .
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### 2. Write permanent notes properly
For each idea:
- One idea per note
- Full sentences, self-contained
- Written in your own words
- Source explicitly cited
This step translates reading into thinking, not summarising.
Permanent nowlte should answer the question: "Is that an idea that I want to think with again?"
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### 3. File by relationship, not topic
Add each note:
- Behind a related note
- Link it to all relevant notes
- If unrelated, file it at the end and link later
Context is created by links, not categories .
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### 4. Strengthen links
For each new note, ask:
- Does this support, contradict, or extend another note?
- Does it raise a new question worth its own note?
Add links accordingly. This is where value compounds .
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### 5. Scan clusters, not everything
Skim dense chains and entry-point notes.
- Look for gaps, tensions, and open questions
- Write new permanent notes for these
Topics emerge bottom-up from clusters, not planning .
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### 6. Update the index sparingly
Only add or adjust index entries when a cluster clearly needs an entry point.
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### 7. Close all open loops
End with:
- No fleeting notes left
- No “maybe later” notes unprocessed
This frees attention and keeps the system usable.
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### What not to do
Do not tidy, re-tag, reorganise, or plan projects. The review is for **developing thinking**, not maintenance.